Reported speech
Artykuły
DIRECT SPEECH / INDIRECT SPEECHBill: “I’m tired”. (cytujemy daną osobę)
Bill says that he is tired. (nasza relacja tego, co dana osoba mówi)
Bill said that he was tired. (nasza relacja tego, co dana osoba powiedziała)
CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH
Person:
“I want to go home” said Bill.
Bill said that he wanted to go home.
“I lost my keys” said Mary.
Mary said that she had lost her keys.
Place:
“We can meet here” said Brian.
Brian said that we could meet there.
this- that
Time:
“The conference was last week” said the secretary.
The secretary said that the conference had been the week before/the previous week.
tomorrow- the next day, the following day; yesterday- the day before; today- that day; ago- before;
Tenses:
“Andrew is working”.
Jessica said Andrew was working. (jeśli czasownik w pierwszej części zdania jest w czasie przeszłym, w zdaniu głównym musimy cofnąć czas o jeden krok)
Present Simple- Past Simple; Present Perfect- Past Perfect; Past Simple- Past Perfect; Past Continuous- Past Perfect Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous- Past Perfect Continuous;
Modal verbs:
“I’ll help you if you like”.
Tom said he would help me.
can- could; may- might;
REPORTED QUESTIONS
“What’s the problem?”
We asked what the problem was.
“How much money have you got, Vicky?”
I asked Vicky how much money she had.
“Does Nick need a lift?”
Tom asked if Nick needed a lift.
“Can you swim?”
They asked me if I could swim.
(oprócz zmiany osoby, miejsca, czasu, musimy zmienić kolejność słów w zdaniu z pytającej na twierdzącą)
REPORTED REQUESTS AND ORDERS
“Please move this car”.
A policeman told me to move the car.
“Would you mind turning the music down?”
We asked our neighbours to turn the music down.
REPORTING VERBS
Sarah’s boss told her she could leave early. (powiedzieć komuś)
Sarah’s boss said she could leave early. (powiedzić, że…)
We offered to pay for the meal.
You promised to help me with my homework.
Mark advised us to take a taxi.
Emma insisted on having a break.
Claire suggested going to a disco.
admit, agree, beg, claim, decide, deny, encourage, explain, invite, order, persuade, recommend, refuse, remind, threaten, warn;
Now, do the test below.
TEST
